Electronic beam-deflection, left: Boresight, right: Deflected In the figure (right), the signal is emitted by the lower radiating element with a phase shift of 10 degrees earlier than of the upper radiating element. Because of this the main direction of the emitted sum-signal is moved upwards. (Note: Radiating elements have been used without reflector in the figure. Therefore the back lobe of the shown antenna diagrams is just as large as the main lobe.) The main beam always points in the direction of the increasing phase shift. Well, if the signal to be radiated is delivered through an electronic phase shifter giving a continuous phase shift now, the beam direction will be electronically adjustable. However, this cannot be extended unlimitedly. The highest value, which can be achieved for the Field of View (FOV) of a phased array antenna is 120째 (60째 left and 60째 right).

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With the sine theorem the necessary phase moving can be calculated. The following figure graphically shows the matrix of radiating elements. Arbitrary antenna constructions can be used as a spotlight in an antenna field. For a phased array antenna is decisive that the single radiating elements are steered for with a regular phase moving and the main direction of the beam therefore is changed. The antenna of the RRP 117 consists of 1584 radiating elements arranged in an analogue beamforming architecture.

More sophsticated radar sets use the benefits of a Digital Beamforming architecture. Phased Array Antenna Beam Steering Animation (Beamforming) Beam steering via phased antenna arrays is demonstrated. The arrays are composed of 7 point sources uniformly spaced in a linear fashion (uniform linear array (ULA).

The antenna separation is denoted by the parameter d. When the separation is smaller, the directivity of the array is narrower. Each antenna element in the array is fed with a relative phase shift of “delta” with respect to the adjacent on (the rightmost antenna is the reference antenna where no phase shift is applied, i.e. As the phase shift (delta) is swept, array patterns change.